Evolution is a behaviour that emerges in any system that has:

  1. mutation
  2. heredity
  3. selection

Evolutionary systems often generate unexpected solutions. Nature selects for good enough.

“There is no such thing as advantageous in a general sense. There is only advantageous for the circumstances you are living in.” (Olivia Judson, Santa Fe Institute)

If you really understand the theory of evolution, you accept that there is no Soul. Evolution cannot accept the idea of Souls, at least if by ”Soul” you mean something indivisible, immutable and potentially eternal — such an entity cannot be the result of step-by-step evolution. Evolution means change, and it is incapable of producing everlasting entities.


Evolving systems exist in Punctuated Equilibrium.